The first pgd type. a biopsy of polar bodies

The first stage of PGD is a biopsy of cellular material that can be performed on various stages of embryo development.
A biopsy of the 1^st polar body is carried out on the day of follicular puncture (day 0).

A biopsy of the 1^st polar body

In 16 hours after insemination, a biopsy of the 2^nd polar body is carried out. A biopsy of the 1^st and a biopsy of the 2^nd polar body are performed separately for PCR analysis.

For FISH, biopsies of the 1^st and the 2^nd polar bodies can be carried out immediately after insemination, i.e. in the morning of the day following follicular puncture.

A biopsy of the 1^st and the 2^nd polar bodies

Polar bodies allow only the analysis of chromosomal disorders of the maternal genome and the analysis of meiosis I and II errors. This method can be combined with a biopsy of a blastomere on day 3 of the development.

The advantages of the method are:

• Enough time for genetic diagnosis;
  
• An embryo transfer in the same cycle;
  
• A minimal risk of embryo damage;
  
• can be conducted in countries where embryo diagnosis is prohibited (Germany, Austria).
  
  

The limitations of the method are:

• It reflects neither post-zygotic aneuploidies nor paternal aneuploidies;
  
• It cannot determine an embryo's gender;
  
• A PB biopsy cannot be repeated;
  
• Consecutive biopsies of the 1^st PB in 4 hours after follicular aspiration and of the 2^nd PB in 16-18 hours after insemination are strenuous and induce stress in an oocyte/zygote;
  
• A high price for genetic diagnosis (10 oocytes = 20 samples).